Consider the 'Scandals of the Ancient World' before considering more Massey.
1.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rscmlg3bas&feature=relmfu2.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xSZUulevoA83.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMw080zDzCI&feature=relmfuIn the south of Malayalam a married woman is permitted to have twelve other husbands as lovers
besides the man to whom she is legally bound, but she must play the game fairly and not exceed the
number allowed. With the Esquimaux or Inoits the primitive [Page 85] communal marriage still obtains in
spite of their being monogamists in appearance. As M. Réclus remarks, adultery is a daily escapade with
the women as well as the men. The "members of the Marital Association keep running accounts and
open large credits" with each other. When the wind blows from the south every woman is out on the
rampage after other men, but each wife must lawfully couple with the man to whom the husband would
willingly have lent her, and who will lend his own wife in return. They hold that all were made for all. The
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sin against nature is for the lawful wife to seek connubium with a bachelor, who can make no return in
kind to the husband. (Réclus, Primitive Folk, English Translation, page 32. Ross, Second Voyage.) The
custom is African. Sir Harry Johnston mentions a curious mode of weighing out even-handed justice in
cases of adultery. Amongst the A-nyanja if a man is caught in the act he is compelled to get another man
as substitute to cohabit with his wife before he can return to her; he must also pay his substitute for this
service four yards of cloth, or make an equivalent present, otherwise the substitute can claim and carry
off the wife as his own property. (Brit. Cent. Africa, page 415.)
It was not the men alone who resisted the change. According to Petherick, the mother of the bride,
among the Hassanyeh Arabs, protests against "binding her daughter" to a due observance of that
chastity which matrimony is expected to command for more than two days in the week at a time.
(Petherick, J., Egypt, the Soudan, and Central Africa.) Various ways of limiting the primitive promiscuity,
and at the same time of securing elasticity in the marriage tie, might be cited. For example, the Spaniards
found a curious custom current in Lancerota. A woman there had several husbands, but "a husband was
considered as such only during a lunar revolution". (Spencer, Data, 298.) Thus one woman was limited to
one man for a month, and the marital relations were changeable with the moon. That which was once the
woman's right is still sought for as a privilege when the Esthonian women claim to repeat the rites of the
ancient saturnalia, such as dancing in a state of nudity at the festival of spring. With us the Matriarchate
still survives on Friday, the woman's day, and in February, the month in which the women claim the right
to choose their husbands every leap-year. On certain festive occasions there is a total or partial return to
the pre-eval status of the sexes. This return occurs at the phallic festival or primitive Agapae. In a
corroboree of the Arunta, which lasts for ten days or a fortnight at a time, there is a partial return to
promiscuity, or the sexual licence which the natives say was a practice of the Alcheringa, or old, old
times. (N.T., page. 96 to 101.) This does not stand alone. According to the report of Mr. Kühn in Kamilaroi
and Kurnai (by L. Fison and A. W. Howitt, pages. 285 to 287), the men of the Turra tribe were not
debarred from sexual intercourse with women of their own Totem in the orgies of the grand corroboree.
This shows the same return to utter promiscuity for the time being as in all other celebrations of the
phallic festival when the only law was that of all for all. It was a return pro tem to the most ancient usage,
which is represented in mythology by the old first Mother in connubium with her own sons. The primitive
customs were established as a means [Page 86] of memorizing that which could not otherwise be
registered. Thus the Arunta danced the history of their descent from the time when the race was not
divided by the Lizard. And thus the state of promiscuous intercourse was repeated in the religious
mysteries, including those of the Christian Church. According to a Latin myth, the saturnalia of ancient
Rome was held in commemoration of the sexual promiscuity that once obtained. Such customs
constituted the record of prehistoric if not primitive man. That is why their performance is so permanent
and so universal.
A change in the human descent from the Motherhood to the fatherhood is apparent in the Egyptian
Mythology as early as the time of Ptah, the father of Atum-Ra. The Mother, human or divine, was
primordial. Next came the sisters. Then the brothers, the same in mythology as in Totemism. Previous to
the dynasty of Ptah there were seven brothers born of the sevenfold Motherhood, when there was as yet
no father individualized. Six of these were pre-human, for instance, Sut the Male-Hippopotamus, Sebek
the Crocodile, Shu the Lion, Hapi the Ape, Apuat the Jackal, Kabhsenuf the Hawk; and one the Elder
Horus, was human, as the child of Isis, the blood-Mother. The seven souls are commonly reckoned as 6
+ I. The six are pre-anthropomorphic. They were powers of the elements represented by the zootypes,
such as the soul of earth that was Imaged by the beast of earth; the soul of water by the crocodile; the
soul of breathing-force by the lion; the soul of fire by the ape; the soul of vegetation by the serpent. The
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seventh soul was human. This was imaged in Child-Horus, who became the chief of the Seven and
leader of the Company.
The Dog-rib Indians preserve a tradition, which is also repeated along the Pacific coast from Alaska to
Oregon, that the ancient Mother of the human race was a woman who was mated with a dog. The
woman gave birth to six pups, which used to throw off their skins at will when they were alone, and play
in human shape. This, in its quaint way, is another form of the mystery of the six as pre-human souls
which culminated in the seventh soul that attained the human status together with the anthropomorphic
type. In the Mangaian “Mute-Iand," at the root of all beginning, there are "Two Women", called the Mother
and her Daughter. This beginning was at the bottom of the hollow cocoa-nut shell called Avaiki. Vari is the
name of the mythical Great Mother. Tu-Metua is the daughter. Her name, which signifies "Stick-by-theparent",
is knowingly natural. Another point. She is the last product of the Great Mother, the only female
child, and is called her support, her beloved child. These two are the ground and basis of a world in six
divisions.
Now, there came a time in Egypt when the brothers, who had previously been the children of the Mother,
were called the sons of Ptah, and all their powers were comprehended in the unity of the God , who was
portrayed as both Father and Mother in one person. In the Texts, Ptah is called " the husband of his
Mother", which shows the polygamous Patriarch who afterwards entered the monogamic state with
Sekhet Mer-Ptah for his single consort. (Maspero, The Dawn of Civilisation, page106. Note, English
translator) It has been previously [Page 87] shown that the custom of couvade was a dramatic mode of
affiliating the offspring to the father which had previously derived its descent from the Mother. (Natural
Genesis.) It is certain that in this the male impersonates the Mother because he acts as if in gestation
with the child and sometimes undergoes a fictitious parturition. But the supreme peculiarity of this
primitive mystery is that the male parent not only acts the part of the Mother, but also of the father; both
parents in one person. It is in this sense only that Sut, who was the first-born of the Seven, is called in
later language a Father of the Gods. (Rit., ch. 8.) In Akkad or Babylonia, the group of seven males is
divided into Ea as a father with his six sons. It is the same among the Zuni Indians, whose fetish deities
are seven in number, that is six, with a form of God the Father as the supreme one. These were the
rulers of the six regions or mountains, with Po-shai-an-kia in the centre as the head over all. (Cushing.
Second Annual Report, Bureau of Ethnology, Washington, 1883.)
A soul of life in man, animal, and vegetable was at one time held to be derived by the transformation and
embodiment of some external force in animal guise. Hence came the anima or soul of wind that was
humanized in breathing, whether as the soul of man or animal. At length it was observed that a human
soul of flesh was formed or embodied in the Mother-blood, as it was written in the secret Book of Nature.
This was the earliest soul of man that was discreted from the external elements of life, which formed the
rudimentary and pre-human beings who are to be met with in the legends of the aborigines the whole
world over. These were also known to the Semites as pre-Adamic people; the Admu, the Kings of Edom,
which brings us back to the Egyptian root of the matter in the word Tum or Tem.Tem, we repeat, signifies
Mankind, mortals, created persons, which were created mystically from the soul of Adam in Hebrew, or
Atum in Egyptian, the earlier form of which name in the Ritual is "Tum". The race of Tum, Atum, or Ad mu
identify their origin in nature, with the soul of blood by the Adamic name. And, sociologically, the
"Creation of Man" qua man was a birth of Totemism. The creation of man in the Egyptian genesis is late
when measured by the mythology. Atum represents the primal being who was the earliest evolved as
perfect man. As Sun-God he is designated Ra in his first sovereignty, the solar mythos being last of all.
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This, with Atum as Supreme God in the human likeness, was preceded by the lunar and the stellar
mythos; by the Mother-earth and all her Elemental Powers. We shall frequently find the time-gauge of the
past in Egypt when it is nowhere else recoverable on earth.
The subject of the Hebrew beginnings is fundamentally the same, as will be seen when we can reach the
root. It is the evolution of the human race from the pre-human conditions that were actual in nature and
not, as alleged, the abortions of a false belief. This was the subject dramatized, danced and taught in all
the mysteries of gesture-language and Totemic ceremonies by means of which the unwritten past was
commemorated and indurated by ceaseless repetition of the acted drama.
The so-called Legends of Creation would be more correctly termed [Page 88] the legend of human
Evolution, although in a different sense from that of Darwinian development. As Semite, they came to us
in the latest and least genuine form, with no clue to any true interpretation. In a Maori myth, Man was
created by the God Tiki from red clay. This he kneaded with his own blood, or with red water from the
swamps. Man is Atum in Egyptian, Admu in Assyrian, Adam in Hebrew; and this was the creation of the
human Being discriminated from the preliminary and pre-human Beings of the Mythos and the Märchen
in legendary lore. It was the soul of blood distinguished from the earlier souls or forces of the external
elements, which were the six preceding the human soul as supreme one. The origins in mythology are
very natural underneath the mask. Indeed, they are a hundred-fold more natural than the pretended
explanations of their modern mis-interpreters. Primitive naturalists had only the light of nature for
guidance, and by this they went.
The creation of man, or, as the earlier versions have it, of men and women, was mystical in one sense, in
another it is Totemic. As before said, the history of the race might be roughly divided into pre-Totemic and
Totemic, pre-human and human. This, when reflected in the mirror of Egyptian Mythology, is pre-Atumic,
or, in the Semitic version, pre-Adamic and Adamic. The same legend of a later origin for mankind is also
Mexican. When there were no human beings on the earth certain of the lower powers solicited help from
the supreme gods in the work of creation, or of a re beginning. They are instructed to collect, the remains
of the former race, and these will be vivified by the blood of the Gods. In this version the god who plays
the part of Atum, Adam. or Belus procures a bone from the burial-place, and on this the gods drop the
blood drawn from their own bodies. Whereupon there is a new creation, namely, that of mankind.
(Mendieta, Hist. Ecl. Ind., page77.) Here, as elsewhere, the human soul of blood is derived from source
as male instead of from the earlier motherhood. So in the Book of Genesis the second creation of Adam
is based upon the bone called a rib which is extracted from the male.
It is in Atum, the Son of Ptah, that man was perfected. In him the Matriarchate is completely superseded
by the Father-Right or derivation from the Fatherhood. Now the change in the human descent from the
Mother-blood to the Father-blood is obviously commemorated in the mysteries or ceremonial rites of the
Arunta. In the operation of young-man-making two modes of cutting are performed upon the boy by
which he becomes a man and a tribal father. The first of these is commonly known as circumcision, or
lartna, by the Arunta; the other ceremony of initiation, which comes later, is the rite of sub-incision called
ariltha. The second cutting is necessary for the completion of the perfect man. Indeed, some of the more
stalwart young men undergo the cruel rite a second or even a third time (N.T., page 257) to prove their
manhood. With this trial-test the youth becomes a man; a fathership is founded, and, as certain customs
show, the Motherhood is in a measure cast off at the time or typically superseded by the fatherhood.
Nature led the way for the opening-rite performed upon the female, therefore we conclude that this
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preceded the operation performed upon the men, and we [Page 89] suggest that this was a custom
established, like that of couvade, in the course of commemorating the change from the Matriarchate to
the Father-right.
The rite is Inner African. It is universally practised by the Fan (or Fang) Tribes. An uncircumcised native is
not considered as a man either for fighting, working, or inheriting, but is regarded as a nonentity and not
allowed to marry. The rite proves the reality of manhood. (Nassau, Fetishism in West Africa, page 12.)
We have previously traced the custom of couvade to Ptah, and now propose to trace the rite of ariltha or
sub-incision to the full-formed father Atum, who was his son. When the Arunta perform the rite of subincision,
which follows that of the primary operation, a slit is cut in the penis right down to the root. The
natives have no idea as to the origin of the practice. (N.T., page 263.) But as the practice proves, it is
performed as an assertion of manhood, and is a mode of making the boy into a man, or creating man.
Now, at this time it was customary to cast the Motherhood aside by some significant action, that is at the
time when the fathership is established in the initiation ceremony. And in the Arunta rite of sub-incision
the operating Mura first of all cuts out an oval-shaped piece of skin (from the male member) which he
flings away. (Page 257.) The oval shape is an emblem of the female all the world over, and this we take
to be another mode of rejecting the mother and of attributing begettal to the father, as it was attributed in
the creation by Atum-Ra, who was both male and female (as the one All-Parent). The human soul was
preceded by the elemental forces of external nature which were typified in a tradition that is universal.
The soul that followed these as human was then born of blood, at first of Mother-blood, the blood of Isis,
which was followed by a creation from the Father-blood. In the Babylonian legend concerning the
generation of mankind attributed to Oannes by Berosos, the beginning is with hideous beings in the
abyss, which are described as human figures mixed with the shapes of beasts. "The person who was
supposed to have presided over them was a woman named Omoroca". This is the Great Mother who at
first was Mother-earth. "Belus came and cut the woman asunder", which in Totemism is the dividing of
the one woman, or the type in two. At the same time he destroyed the animals in the abyss. Thus the
pre-human period was succeeded by the Matriarchate and the two female Ungambikula, who in the
Arunta tradition cut and carved the rudimentary creatures into Totemic men and women. Then Belus the
deity "cut off his own head: upon which the other gods mixed the blood with the earth; and from thence
men were formed". Thus the source of life, or a soul of blood was changed from the female to the male
deity who in the Egyptian theology is Atum-Ra, or Tum, the image of created man, or of man who was
created from the soul of blood that is at first female and afterwards was fathered on the male. This
creation of man or Tum is represented in the "Book of the Dead " (ch. xvii.). The God, as Father, takes
the Mother's place; the Matriarchate terminates in the mythology of Egypt. Tum is described as giving
birth to Hu and Sa, as the children of Him who now unites the Father with the Mother as divinity in one
person.[Page 90] Hu denotes matter, Sa (or Ka) signifies spirit. This creation, then, is from blood and spirit;
"the double primitive essence" first assigned to Ptah. The change from the Mother-blood to the Fathersource
is the same in the Kamite legend as in the Semitic version, but the modus operandi was different.
Belus produces the blood by cutting off his own head, whereas in the Ritual Father Atum draws the blood
from the genetalia of a divine being who is both male and female blended in the formation of the Father-
Mother, from whom the soul of blood was now derivable. The drops of blood are described as issuing
from the person of Atum when he performed the rite of "sub-incision" or of mutilation on himself in the
generation now attributed to the solar deity, considered to be male as well as female, or, finally, male
instead of female. Thus the Arunta are still performing a blood-covenant in the rite of ariltha on the male
which is attributed to Atum-Ra in the Egyptian mythos and by which he demonstrates the parentage of
the children Hu and Sa, in the course of changing the descent from the Matriarchate to the Patriarchate.
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The primitive essence of human life was blood derived from the female source, with Nature herself for
the witness. In the later biology it was derived from the "double primitive essence" of Ptah that was
continued in Atum and his two children Hu and Sa. Thus the basis of being was shifted from the Motherblood
to that of blood and spirit assigned to the Fatherhood.
From the "cutting" of the male member now attributed to Atum-Ra we infer that the rite of circumcision
and of sub-incision was a mode of showing the derivation from the human father in supersession of the
Motherhood, and that in the Arunta double-cutting the figure of the female was added to the member of
the male. Nor is this suggestion without corroboration. In his ethnological studies, (page 180) Dr. Roth
explains that "in the Pitta-Pitta and cognate Boulia dialects the term Me-Ko ma-ro denotes "the man with
a Vulva" which shows that the oval slit was cut upon the penis as a figure of the female and a mode of
assuming the Motherhood. In the Hebrew Book of Genesis this carving of the female figure on the person
of the male — in the second creation – has been given the legendary form of cutting out the woman from
the body of the male. Adam is thus imaged in the likeness of the biune Parent. The foundation of Jewish
Monotheism was laid in the blood of the new covenant which followed the cult of the female. It is
noticeable that when the Jewish child is circumcised it is said of him that he is made to "enter into the
covenant of Abraham", that is of the Great Father in Israel. Moreover, the man who stands sponsor as
the godfather is called the Master of the Covenant. (Godwyn, Moses and Aaron, page 216.) This may
possibly explain the re-circumcising of the children of Israel. If, as the history asserts, they dedicated to
the female in the earlier time and were afterwards circumcised in a covenant made with the deity as God
the father, re-circumcising would be a means of denoting a change in the rite, when the people were
circumcised on the Hill of Foreskins."And this is the cause why Joshua did circumcise" Joshua, ch. v.,
2,4). The two covenants would thus tally with the two forms of the ceremony performed in first
circumcision by the Arunta and in sub-incision, which is re-circumcising in [Page 91] the rites of the same
people. Thus, there were two covenants, one sealed in the blood of the female, one in the blood of the
male, and both were applied to the deity according to the sex.
This mode of affiliation to the male deity is likewise obvious in the legend of the Guatemalans, who
besought the Quiché God Tohil to favour them with the element of fire. This he gave them on condition
that they united themselves to him by drawing blood "beneath the girdle". (Bancroft, v., 547.) That is by
drawing it from the membrum virile in a covenant of blood. When they did this they received the fire from
Heaven which was derived direct from God the father as begetter who was Atum-Ra in Egypt, and God
the father in spirit as well as in flesh and blood.
The cause of a mystical relationship that was recognized between man and the animals may now be
traced on grounds less lofty than that of the supposed divine incarnations, and more natural than that of
an animistic interfusing which led to a confusion of identity and personality. The animals were first
recognized as powers in themselves, but they were also adopted as the living visible symbols of
elemental powers that were superior to the human as a means of representing natural phenomena. They
were further adopted into the human family as Totemic types with religious rites that gave them all the
sanctity of the blood-covenant and made them typically of one flesh with the human brothers. Thus they
were doubly adopted; and this led to their becoming later living fetishes as the naturalized
representatives of superhuman powers, though not as the direct object of human worship. The life-tie
assumed between Totemic man and the Totemic animal or zootype was consciously assumed, and we
can perceive by what process and on what ground the assumption was made. The zootype being
adopted as a badge of distinction, the primeval coat of arms, it was a custom for the human beings to
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enter into a brotherhood of blood. That is, the men who were not born of the same mother, or of two
sisters, could extend the natural tie of blood by a typical rite to others who were born of different mothers.
In this way, the larger kin, clan, or tribe was formed on the basis of brotherhood under some Totemic
sign. Now if the animal becomes of kin to the human brother by virtue of a covenant intentionally made in
the blood of both, that proves the kinship did not exist before. The relationship did not spring from any
root in nature, or any false belief, but was ordained for the purpose, and is consequently limited to the
particular beast and brotherhood. The bull is only kinsman to those whom he serves as a Totem, an
image of the ancestor and a type of the fraternity. So is it with all the other zootypes which had been
employed from before the time when the individual fatherhood was known. There is no necessary
confusion of identity. If men had abstained from eating the animals on the ground of kinship and
intercommunion of nature, because of a confusion or identification of themselves with the beasts, they
ought to have abstained from eating any, whereas they ate them all in turn, exceptions being made solely
on the artificial ground of the Totemic motherhood or brotherhood. The beast only became of the "same
flesh" with the particular family because it had been adopted as their Totem, ancestral animal, or fosterbrother
of the blood-covenant, and [Page 92] not on account of any belief that they descended from this or
the other non-human parent with a different progenitor for every separate group. Even in the human
relationship the being "of one flesh" shows that the system represents a later extension of the same
family that first derived from one mother, the mode of extension being by the blending of blood, the rebirth,
the drinking of the covenant, and eating of the fetish. But there was nothing promiscuous in this
arrangement, which had been made on purpose to avoid promiscuity. They did eat, and did not tolerate
being eaten by, each other's Totems. The relationship of men with beasts was most deliberately adopted,
and the partnership was held with the strictest regard to the law of limited liability. Thus the bloodbrotherhood
with the beasts was not based on any belief that they were on a level with the human being,
nor on any mental confusion respecting their oneness of nature. At least it was not that which first
rendered the animals tabu, or made them sacred to men.
The typical character of the Totemic animal was continued in various ways; putting on the skin was a
mode of assimilating the wearers to the powers beyond the beast, the superhuman forces which the
animals represented in visible symbolry. Hence on going to battle they wore the skins and acted the rôle
of the animals, birds, and reptiles, as their link of alliance with the superhuman nature-powers that were
over all. In like manner the God Shu, the warrior of the gods, the Egyptian Mars, does battle whilst
wearing the superhuman power of the Lioness on his head - and the moon-god Taht-Aan, is clothed with
the power of the great Ape, the ideograph of superhuman rage, when he fights against the demons of
darkness by night on behalf of the suffering Solar God. The mage or medicine-man was wrapped up in
the skin of the Totemic beast for the purpose of communing with the spirits of the dead. Thus the trance,
the transformer, and the transformation, the beast, the nature-power, and the human ghost, got mixed up
together. Such being the fact, it is easy to identify the foundation of the faith or ignorant belief that the
medicine-men had everywhere the power of transforming into wolves, hyenas, or tigers themselves; and
that belief would cause the fear lest they should apply this power of metamorphosis to others, and
ultimately create a belief in their power to transform human beings into animal shapes. The only veritable
power of metamorphosis possessed by the ancient medicine-men or mages, the witches or wizards, was
that of inducing the condition of trance either in others or in themselves. This was and is a fact in Nature
with which the primitive races were profoundly well acquainted. But those who are ignorant of such
phenomena will be apt to mistake a surface appearance for the underlying reality, and must find it
difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish between the true cause and a false belief. In the mysteries they
changed place and shape and nature with the beasts of prey. They masked themselves in the skins of
animals, reptiles, and birds, and sat at feast in those forms to devour the sacrifice when the Totemic
animal was slain for the Eucharistic rite. In that way they transformed and were said to change
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themselves into wolves or tigers, bears or crocodiles, to partake of this most primitive rite of
transubstantiation. For it did [Page 93] become a religious ceremony and a mode of entering into alliance
and communion with the powers first apprehended as superhuman. When the ghastly, grim reality had
passed into the legendary phase we are told, as Plato tells us in the Republic, that those who ate of the
human sacrifices offered to the Wolf were transformed into wolves. Herodotus likewise relates that the
Neurian wizards changed themselves into wolves for a few days once a year. First, the men who ate the
flesh of the Beast had changed themselves into wolves to eat it, according to the mode of masking. Next
it was said that by eating human flesh men would become Were-wolves, and lastly we have the Werewolf
as a man who is supposed to turn into the wolf on purpose to devour human flesh. Such are the
tricks of typology, based on the primitive simplicity and the agnostic misinterpretation of later times when
the mythos passes into the fable which deposits these types of the were-wolf, the mermaid, the
cockatrice, the serpent-woman, the vampire, or the ghoul. In the latest phase of this transformation and
transubstantiation it is the flesh of a supposed historical personage that is eaten and his blood that is
drunk with the view of effecting a transformation into Horus or the Christ. It was a masquerade; but the
men beneath the masks originally knew that they were acting in characters which they themselves had
created. They wore skins in a typical transformation; they clothed or tattooed themselves with the signs
of superhuman powers for a definite purpose, and not because they were returning to the condition of
beasts from which they came, or expected to be saved by doing so. The masking and metamorphosis
were but modes of the mysteries which included the mystery of Trance. This primitive drama is not yet
played out. The rites and doctrines are also to be identified at times as survivals in religious ritual. A
startling illustration may be seen in a collection of English hymns (1754), where these lines occur:-
"What greater glory could there be
Than to be clothed with God ?
He drew His skin upon my skin,
His blood upon my blood".
The skin is likewise assumed by the Manes as their Totem in the other life, different ideas being
expressed by different kinds of skin. In the Ritual (ch. 145, 31) the speaker who has just been baptized
and anointed in process of regeneration when he transforms into the likeness of Horus the adult says he
has the skin of a Cat for his badge. The cat being a seer in the dark, the skin shows that he is no longer
as the sightless Horus, but is the Horus with the second sight or beatific vision. With the Red Indians the
skin of the Totemic animal is placed at the side of a man who is dead or dying. It has also been stuffed at
times and hung above the grave. The sign is the same for the dead man as for the dead animal. In each
instance the skin means renewal, repetition, resurrection for another life. It has been a common custom
for the dead to be buried in the skin of an animal, or in shoes or boots made from the skin of an animal.
When Field-Marshal the Duke of Wellington was buried in St. Paul's Cathedral his boots were taken with
him to the tomb, and in a sense he was buried in the skin. The significance of the skin is everywhere the
[Page 94] same. The slipper thrown after the newly-wedded has the same meaning. Leather is made from
the skin that denotes a renewal of life, and the act expresses the desire for the couple to be blest with
children. We have seen that the skin was equivalent to the animal as a type of renewal. This may afford
us a clue to the custom of swearing oaths in making covenants on the skin, which would be like swearing
by the future life, the hope of immortality, or "by the eternal God". The earliest masks were formed of the
head and skin of the Totemic zootype. They also represented the invisible powers and finally became the
heads of goddesses and gods. Masks were assumed when deities or spirits were represented in the
mysteries. Thus, when a mask is put on by the lnoit girl at the time of her first menstrualia it denotes the
presence of the Nature-power that reveals itself in this particular way as one of the mysteries of Nature.
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The masks that were worn in certain mysteries were derived from the Totemic zootypes, not from the
human face. Hence their super-human ugliness at times. These masks were used as portraits of the
powers beyond the Totem, and in the lnoit mysteries, when the controlling spirit of a Shaman was
consulted, it was customary for the mask which represented the particular power invoked to be laid upon
the Shaman's face, and this mask was the skin of a victim that moment killed. (Réclus, Primitive Folk,
Eng. Tr., page 87.) A tribe of the hill-men near Darjeeling, in India, still retain the huge and hideous masks
that represent the powers of Nature. These are worn on the heads of priests when performing their
elaborate religious rites. One of these images the god who looks after their spears and helps to drive
them home. Which shows the character of the masks as effigies of the Nature-powers is not forgotten.
(Paragraph and picture in the London Daily Mail, Nov. 20, 1896.) We have seen that the change made by
the young girl into an animal at puberty was an origin of wearing the mask. This we assume to have been
primary. Next, the practice was continued in Matriarchal Totemism. Then the customs of cutting in subincision,
of wearing the skin, and of becoming the Totemic beast, are applied to the male in the later
mysteries of young-man-making.
The Totemic mysteries survived as eschatological in the Osirian, religion. For example, when Horus the
child, who was born of the Mother only, under the divine Matriarchate, makes his transformation into
Horus the adult, who rises from the dead in Amenta, it is in the character of the Anointed Son of the
Father. Anointing had then become the mode of showing the Glory of the Father in the person of the Son.
This was imaged with the holy oil upon the face of Horus. He who had been Horus the mortal in the flesh,
is now Horus in spirit personalized and established as the Anointed Son. The typical Anointed originated
as the youth who was made a man of at the period of puberty, at which time the Mother's child assumed
the likeness of the father at the time of his Totemic rebirth. The boy who was initiated into the mysteries
of the Australian Blacks was equally made the Anointed in however primitive a fashion. When his
probation terminated, and the stringent rules of his novitiate- were relaxed, he was rubbed by an old man
with fat that was taken from the Totemic animal which was previously forbidden food. He [Page 95] was
not permitted to eat the female of any animal, nor the emu, that primordial Mother-Totem, and he
becomes a free man by having the fat of the animal smeared over his face. In fact he is made a figure of
the Anointed. The Kurnai youth was made a free man of when anointed with fat. With the Adamanese the
bodies of the initiates are smeared over with the melted fat of pork and turtle in the ceremony of freeman-
making. (E. H. Man, Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Andaman Islands, page 62.) The boy was
anointed when he made his change into the adult. Horus was anointed when he transformed from the
mortal Horus to the Horus in spirit who rose again from the dead. And this anointing is still practised it.
the extreme unction of the Roman Catholic rite that is administered when the dying are about to pass into
the future life. This again correlates with, and is a survival of, the aboriginal custom of placing a lump of
fat in the mouth of the dead, by which act they were made into a form of the Anointed preparatory to their
resurrection. The mummies exhumed at Deir el-Bahari show that the faces had been painted and
anointed for burial. "The thick coats of colour which they still bear are composed of ochre, carmine (or
pounded brick) and anima! fat" (Maspero, Dawn of Civilisation, English Translation, page 54, note 5.)
These are also forms of the Anointed One, who was made so by extreme unction more primitively
applied to Osiris the Karast-Mummy.
Last edited by orthodoxymoron on Sun Jul 22, 2012 8:45 pm; edited 1 time in total