.......
The relationship between the Lindquist and Wheeler Schwarzschild sphere and the vertices of the Battaner and Florido regular geometric structure of superclusters can be compared. For N vertices, each vertex can be equidistant from its nearest neighbor only when N= 5, 8, 16, 24, 120, or 600 [94]. The case where N=8 yields the simplest arrangement. In this lattice, N=5, 16, and 600 correspond to a tetrahedron, N= 8 to a cube, N=24 to an octahedron, and N= 120 to a dodecahedron. Correspondence is made in terms of the ratio of the distance from a face to a corner of a cell of some volume of a regular polyhedron to a sphere.
One of us (Rauscher) [25] treated the whole Universe as expanding under a Schwarzschild condition. We found that consistence between Einstein's field equations with big bang cosmologies can be obtained but requires the introduction of an additional term in the stress-energy tensor. We can associate this term with the torque term in Einstein's field equations in the Haramein-Rauscher model [3]. One of us (Haramein), has put forward the need to include spin and torque to modify the simplistic Schwarzschild metrical zones of Lindquist and Wheeler although their model is very useful in our considerations even if it is clearly a limited case.
The motivation of the Lindquist and Wheeler model is that the cell method in gravitational theory contains a new dynamic feature which expresses the equation of motion of a mass at the center of a cell as a dynamic condition on the boundary of the cell. The boundary condition defines a constraint on the space which comprises simple geometric forms. The whole of the dynamics of this model are expressed in terms of the expansion and subsequent contraction of the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equation. Their analogy is to that of a crystal lattice and by defining cells in terms of a Schwarzschild solutions in a curved space, in a simple Friedman metric of uniform curvature which corresponds to a polyhedron in Euclidian space. They derive a boundary condition on the Schwarzschild potentials which do not go to zero at a finite radius and hence avoids the discontinuity of matching the normal derivative of the gravitational potentials which would occur in the Schwarzschild solution alone. In the lattice Universe, mass is concentrated into N centers (or vertices) which could correspond to the galactic cluster centers in the Battener and Florido analysis [87,88]. In each cell, a Schwarzschild black hole is located at the center of its own cell. In their figure 3, six cone shapes define their boundary conditions in a lattice Universe and correspond to the vertices of an octahedron. Therefore, a parallel can be made between the work of Lindquist and Wheeler, Battener and Florido and our model which predicts a polarized structured vacuum. Hence, Lindquist and Wheeler's approach using the Schwarzschild cell solution without spin or charge gives a good first-order approximation. We use the Kerr-Newman with spin and charge and incorporate the torque and Coriolis forces in the Haramein-Rauscher solution to quantize the vacuum into cells.
We consider the topological structures of the current string theory and our approach to the unified theory of the four forces and structured vacuum [3].
Although superstring theories have their critics, due to the fact that those theories contain a number of "free" parameters, there has been great interest in these theories by the physics community. Superstring theory has been related to the standard model. Some string theories contain gravity and others do not. One of the major features of superstring theory is to treat particles as tiny loops rather than as point particles so as to avoid the problem of singularities. The string theory approach has some topological similarities to that of Lindquist and Wheeler's work, which is an effort to avoid singularities. In the string theory, particles are treated as vibrations of a membrane (Brane M as a surface), which is swept out by the vibrating string occurring in eight dimensional space. These eight dimensions comprise eight of the ten dimensional standard model in which two of the dimensions are the string surface itself. This vibrational space carries the symmetry of the Lie group E8 [95].
Superstring theory represents both bosonic and fermionic particle states. The usual string theories occupy a 26-dimensional spacetime, representing bosonic particle states. A quantum state of identical bosonic particles is symmetric under the exchange of any two particles. A quantum state of identical fermionic particles is antisymmetric under the exchange of any two particles to include the photon and gravitation. Then we have 64=8x8 dimensional states in some superstring theories. The closed string theory is called a type II string theory, which has the doubly fermionic states included, for a total of 128=8x8x2 fermionic states [96].
In addition to the type II, there are two heterotic superstring theories which involve closed strings. Out of the 26-L bosonic coordinates of the bosonic factor, only ten are matched to R-bosonic coordinates of the superstring factor, hence this theory effectively exists in ten-dimensional spacetime. Heterotic strings come in two versions, that is E8xE8 and the SO32. The Ramond vacuum is included and E8 is the highest dimensional exceptional group. The E8xE8 superstring theory is derived from the compilation of M-theory. One of the most promising superstring theories that unifies the four forces is the E8xE8 reflection space. This is possible only because reflection embedding provides for an embedding of A4 in E8 [97]. In our paper reference [3] we present the symmetry group relationship between A4 and the 24 element octahedral group. This procedure operates along the lines of the relationship between the SO32 heterotic string theory which also utilizes the E8xE8 formalism. However, we believe our approach to gravitation and strong interactions, which considers the inclusion of torque and Coriolis effects will result in a simplification and a more fundamental formalism with fewer free parameters.
In general, the Lie algebra An associated with a reflection space Cn has a compact Lie group SUn+1 .
S.P. Sirag attempts to develop a unified field theory in terms of U1xSU2xSU3xSU4 , where he identifies the SU4 group with the tensor gravitational field [98]. Note that gravity is missing from the SU5 theory.
The SO(32) , or SO32 , is the group generated by 32-by-32 matrices that are orthogonal. For the strong force, gluons are described by a four dimensional SU3 Yang-Mills theory. The full set of standard model gauge bosons is described by the Yang-Mills theory with the gauge group SU3xSU2xU1. Alternatively, for the U5=SU2xSU3 Yang-Mills theory, the gauge group that emerges as U3xU2=SU2xSU3xU1xU1 where U1xU1 is the topology of the torus. Note that the A4 group of the tetrahedron is the label for a complex Lie algebra whose compact Lie group is SU5 which comprised the first unification, GUT theory. The standard force bosons are derived from the group SU3xSU2xU1 in the group algebra.
In the heterotic E8xE8 superstring theory, six of the nine spatial dimensions are curled up into a small sixdimensional compact space, which is termed the Calabi-Yau space. All Calabi Yau spaces have both discrete and continuous parameters which determine the details of the four-dimensional theory that arises upon compactification.
For all Calabi-Yau spaces, the minimal amount of supersymmetry survives the compactification and the resulting four-dimensional theory is supersymmetric. The compactification also allows one to break the original gauge symmetry E8xE8 down to E6xE8. The group E6 contains U1xSU2xSU3 as a subgroup to that standard model gauge group. An alternative to the 6-dimensional space compactification of the heterotic string is an alternative 6-dimensional space where one can simply use a six-torus T6 group space. The T6 space, however, has singularities that arise at the fixed points of certain identifications, but orbitals constructed from tori are much easier to analyze than the general Calabi-Yau spaces.
For the following Lie group S=U2xT6 where U2 is a four dimensional spacetime called the conformally compactified Minkowski space and T6 =U1xU1xU1xU1xU1xU1 , or a 3-torus. We regard SU2 as a spherical three space, S3, as the usual space of cosmology. For a 7-torusT7 which incorporates U1 from the U2 space also includes time. The T7 tori space corresponds to the 7-reflection space E7 because T7 = R7/L where R7 is the real part of the E7 which also contains the complex reflection space C7 , and L is the root of E7.
This means that all parts of the lattice are identified as a single point: the identity element of T7 and every other point of T4 is a copy of L . The T4 group can be identified with two double tori. We have identified the double torus structure as fundamental to a metric of spacetime which appropriately accounts for the source of spin/angular momentum. Many striking examples of this dynamic structure are observed at the cosmological scale such as galactic halos, black hole ergosphere and supernovae.
The S4 group is associated with the 24 element octahedral group C{Obar} which can be written in terms of C{Obar}=U2xU2(bar)xU4 or T8 group [3]. Both C{O} and C{Obar} relate to the T4 double torus group of four copies of U1 where Tn is the direct product of n copies of U1 , which comprises the n-torus, which is always an Abelian group. The Tn group refers to the structure of spacetime. We have related this spacetime structure to the torque term in Einstein's field equations [3]. Hence, the torus topology can be considered fundamental to the structure of spacetime and also the tenets in the superstring theory.
Hull utilized string theory in a "T-fold-background" with local n-torus fabrication and T-duality transition functions in O{n,n;Z} in an enlarged space with T2n fabrication geometry [99]. For a geometric background, the local choice of Tn fit together to give a spacetime which is a Tn fiber bundle. Thus this string theory approach involves diffeomorphisms and gauge transformations as well as duality transformations. The T-duality is associated with mirror symmetry [100]. In some cases, the compactifications with duality are equivalent to asymmetric orbits. The full transition functions for the torus bundles, which are considered in Hull's approach, are in GL{n,Z}xU1n, where U1 acts as a translation on a circle fiber. String theory compactification of dimensions on the T n has O{n,n;Z} symmetry. In the geometric GL{n,Z} subgroup that acts through Tn diffeomorphisms, can be lifted to a higher dimensional theory which is compactified on a Tn fiber bundled over a circle.
A T-duality on any circle gives a twisted reduction on a T2 fiber bundled over a circle in GL{2,Z} which is representative of a dual torus. These mirror, or duality symmetries are related to space with Calabi-Yau fibrations in space with torus fibrations [99]. The topology of T-folds, and their doubled formulations, is then seen as a geometric background in which there is a global polarization. The polarization can be characterized in terms of a product on the T2n fibers. Local product structures satisfy integrability thus eliminating the problems of singularities. A product structure defines a splitting into eigenspaces of R with eigenvalues ±1 and for a torus T2n. This extends to a splitting as the periodic torus coordinates into two Tn eigenspaces, if the product structure is integral, or R is an element of GL(2n,Z ) , so that it acts on the coordinates while preserving the periodicities. A product structure and pseudo-Hermitian O{n,n} invariant metric are together preserved by the subgroup GL(n.R) subset O{n,n} and for the transformations acting on the torus and is preserved by GL(2n,Z) subset O(n,n;Z) [3,5,20,47]. The fundamental structures activated in the vacuum by polarized coherent resonant states of matter also act as part of the process that creates these vacuum properties.
To paraphrase John A. Wheeler, "Spacetime is not just a passive arena for doing physics, it is the physics" [2]. The torquing of spacetime is an active part of the structure of the stress-energy tensor and hence is a fundamental force coupling to produce the observable universe of matter and energy.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
We have a vast new set of tools to comprehend the processes of astrophysical and cosmological phenomena, atomic and collective matter states. For example some of the collective state phenomena we have considered are accelerator "fireballs," Bose-Einstein condensates, Fermi electron states, MHD and BCS descriptions, all of which obey soliton dynamic solutions. Theoretical and experimental findings and relativistic formulations, quantum theory, electromagnetic interactions can well be described in terms of topological structures and group theory. The fundamental base of our approach is to consider that the topological structure of a torquing spacetime, and its Coriolis gyroscopic dynamics, has critical aspects of unification theory.
We pursue this point further in references [39,101,102] when we consider atomic, nuclear, and quantum physics in a nonlinear space. When a torque and Coriolis term is considered for the formation of spin/angular momentum we find that the dual torus topology occupies a fundamental role in both astrophysics and quantum particle physics. The Haramein-Rauscher approach takes spin and rotation properties as fundamental to the structure of the spacetime manifold. We have identified the properties of the structure of the vacuum itself from fundamental coherent polarized states of matter in the facility of astrophysical black hole event horizons. That is to say, we have demonstrated that the properties of matter in superclusters, galaxies, supernovae and their vicinities, for example, could exist in resonant states, only if the vacuum is structured. These considerations may also be utilized to explain the effects that are currently attributed to dark matter and dark energy.
In the words of Nobel laureate C. N. Yang, of the Yang-Mills equation "Einstein's general relativity theory, though profoundly beautiful, is likely to be amended... that the amendment may not disturb the usual test is easy to imagine, since the usual tests do not relate to spin... somehow (the amendment) entangles spin and rotation" [103].
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors express their sincere appreciation to William Van Bise, Marina Nogues, Michael Coyle, Michael Hyson, Jeremy Broner, and for the opportunity to work with the Resonance Project Foundation and its team [104].
Support for some aspects of earlier projects came from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
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Posted Jan 3rd 2011
Dear Mr. Bermanseder,
Thank you very much for attaching this information. Again, we do ask for your understanding and patience in terms of a more detailed reply, as Mr.
Haramein is currently under deadline for some important projects.
Best Regards,
Stephanie Vendrell
The Resonance Project
Original Message:
-----------------
From: Tony Bermanseder pacificap@hotmail.com
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2009 15:18:12 +1100
To: stephanie@theresonanceproject.org
Subject: RE: To Dr. Haramein - Confirmations
Dear Stephanie!
Please find attached the pdf format of my critique on the Haramein-Rauscher
plasma paper.
pacificap@hotmail.com or omniphysics@cosmosdawn.net
Posted Jan 3rd 2011
"good work, is good work ~ this work is beyond good" Love - Susan
Posted Jan 3rd 2011
SusanLove; yes look at this excerpt from the above.
You see the X is Phi; so this is not made explicitly stated in the technical critique. So this formalism actually shows HOW the PHI is connected to the Alpha of the physicists; the strings of higher D and the birth of the universe.
What depicts what you were posting and presenting on the skype channel. So the technical lingo also represents your metaphysics - as the mainstream (albeit revolutionary there) science of material reductionisms.
Tonyblue
This pentagonal supersymmetry can be expressed in a number of ways, say in a one-to-one mapping of the Alpha finestructure constant as invariant X from the Euler Identity:
X+Y=XY= -1=i2=exp(iπ).
One can write a Unification Polynomial: (1-X)(X)(1+X)(2+X)=1 or X4+2X3-X2-2X+1=0
to find the coupling ratios: f(S)¦f(E)¦f(W)¦f(G)=#¦#3¦#18¦#54 from the proportionality
#¦#3¦{[(#3)2]}3¦({[(#3)2]}3)3=Cuberoot(Alpha):Alpha:Cuberoot(Omega):Omega.
The Unification polynomial then sets the ratios in the inversion properties under modular duality:
(1)[Strong short]¦(X)[Electromagnetic long]¦(X2)[Weak short]¦(X3)[Gravitational long]
as 1¦X¦X2¦X3 = (1-X)¦(X)¦(1+X)¦(2+X).
Unity 1 maps as (1-X) transforming as f(S) in the equality (1-X)=X2; X maps as invariant of f(E) in the equality (X)=(X); X2 maps as (1+X) transforming as f(W) in the equality (1+X)=1/X; and X3 maps as (2+X) transforming as f(G) in the equality (2+X)=1/X2=1/(1-X).
The mathematical pentagonal supersymmetry from the above then indicates the physicalised T-duality of M-theory in the principle of mirror-symmetry and which manifests in the reflection properties of the heterotic string classes HO(32) and HE(64), described further in the following.
Defining f(S)=#=1/f(G) and f(E)=#2.f(S) then describes a symmetry breaking between the 'strong S' f(S) interaction and the 'electromagnetic E' f(E) interaction under the unification couplings.
This couples under modular duality to f(S).f(G)=1=#55 in a factor #-53=f(S)/f(G)={f(S)}2 of the 'broken' symmetry between the longrange- and the shortrange interactions.
SEWG=1=Strong-Electromagnetic-Weak-Gravitational as the unified supersymmetric identity then decouples in the manifestation of string-classes in the de Broglie 'matter wave' epoch termed inflation and preceding the Big Bang, the latter manifesting at Weyl-Time as a string-transformed Planck-Time as the heterotic HE(64) class.
Post last edited Nov 26th 2012
Posted Aug 6th 2011
https://vimeo.com/26514171
Interview with Nassim Haramein
from Radio Serenidad 3 years ago Not Yet Rated
We talked about the structure of the vacuum and how he found the gap between science and spirituality. It is a very, very interesting dialogue and also, for lay people that don't understand any physics, somehow it makes all sense. Nassim has a way to reach people even with his technical scientific terms and we hope to have more of him. Hope you enjoy it
Interview with Nassim Haramein from Radio Serenidad on Vimeo.
SUSANakaTHE13THBRIDGE - Posted 3 Hours Ago long time ago, you emailed Haramein some important stuff was this what it was about ???
Nassim Haramein has calculated a geometric solution for the gravitational field. In his latest paper "Quantum Gravity and the Holographic Mass" he describes gravity in a classical algebraic way by calculating the density of the space both within and on the outside of the event horizon of a proton.
The seemingly "empty" vacuum of space is actually a nearly infinitely dense super-fluid medium made of tiny tiny tiny little frothing bubbles of energy. Sometimes called the "quantum foam", each of these miniscule vibrations represents a spherical wave form, or quanta, that is the diameter of the smallest possible measurable distance, the Planck length. Haramein calls these tiny spherical information bits Planck spherical units or PSUs. The PSUs on the interior of the proton's event horizon pack together in a perfectly space-filling overlapping 3D Flower of Life structure with each sphere's center being connected by a tetrahedral geometry lattice. The PSUs within the proton volume holographically project on the proton surface event horizon as "flat" equatorial circles in a flower of life tiling pattern.
In this image, the first equation describes the ratio between the proton surface area and the surface Planck circles showing that the number of equatorial circles on the Proton surface equals 10↑40 (10 to the 40 or 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Planck length diameter circles)
The second equation shows the number of Planck spherical units contained within the proton, which is 10↑60. In the third equation, the external surface horizon is divided by the internal volume and then multiplied by the Planck mass to give the total value of the proton mass. With a simple classical geometric calculation, Haramein obtains the mass of the proton according to the standard model, as measured from the outside, in the laboratory: 10↑-24 gm.
Haramein then calculates the external Planck circles divided by the internal Planck spheres to obtain the gravitational mass of the proton, which equals 10↑14 which is the exact amount of mass needed for the proton to obey what is called the the Schwarzschild condition of a black hole.
Protons are quantum scale black holes.
Gravity is a ratio of volume to surface area.
More info.: http://resonance.is/explore/quantum-gravity-and-the-holographic-mass-trailer-and-press-release/
The Resonance Project • The Resonance Project - Página Oficial Hispana • The Resonance Project - Traduction Française • Phys.org • Science • Physics-astronomy • Cosmos • Cosmometry • Physics Today •Thrive • ScienceAlert • ScienceAlert 中文
On first look, he fudged his numbers to obtain the codata proton mass Susan. 'The surface area of a proton and any subatomic 'particle' depends on the radius or 'size' of that particle. On the other hand, the Planck units are well defined as conglomerations of basic fundamental constants. And so using the 'correct' Planck-Volume and Planck-Mass, one can indeed calculate a correct Planck-Density. as rP=MP/LP3 multiplied by a geometric factor, say 4p/3 for 3D or 2p2 for 4D space.
I will calculate the proper value in this reply and publish them for you or anyone interested to peruse shortly.
From the insert below, you can see, that the radius/size of a proton is NOT fixed as some definitive value as Nassim seems to believe. And as both the Surface Area and the Volume of any particle or matter agglomeration are defined as function of its Radius, Nassim's calculations are at best approximations for any proton, which is better described as a 'waved particle' or wavicle in a form of quantum geometrical flux. Diagrams in the insert illustrate this further.
This then defines rproton=1.3888...fm* = 1.38657...fm (Unit System International) and in the error interval of the Friar-Sick measurement as 1.394±0.016 fm in (1.378 - 1.410 fm) to 0.5%.
The 2010 CODATA recommended value for the protonic charge radius is: proton: Rp = 0.8775(51)*10-15 m
Nevertheless a 'mean or average' value for the size of a proton can be used to calculate the values Nassim Haramein is proposing in his latest 'quasi scientific' endeavour of his 'Holographic Proton'.
From the treatise below' we use a particular averaged mean value for the protonic radius as 1.39x10-15 meters and restrict our calculations to 3 significant figures to minimise any more serious deviation from this empirical and ubiquitously confirmed measurement.
My calculations can so be multiplied by a factor of 0.88/1.39=0.63 and 0.46 and 0.25 to align with the Haramein numbers for the 'unhaloed' proton he uses (in brackets).
Nassim uses the proton size WITHOUT the halo in its so termed 'charge radius' and in his holographic proton, the omission of its halo could be said to omit about half of the 'effective interaction' of the proton as a discretized collection of Planck-Areas and Volumes; which also are inferred by him to 'Overlap' in the 'Flower of Life' geometry. Nassim so describes a rather smaller or shrunk proton in his proposals.
In the calculus below, I am using the 'haloed proton' as described in the accompanying article from renowned researchers in the field of particle physics. Therefore my calculations actually 'improve' on the haramein model of the 'holographic proton', as it renders the proton bigger with a halo, then without one.
The volume of a spherical 3D-proton then becomes: 4p/3x(1.39x10-15 m)3=1.12x10-44 m3 and for a Surface Area of: 4p.(1.39x10-15 m)2=2.43x10-29 m2
The volume of a spherical proton as ellipsoidal 4D (Riemann) hyperspace then becomes:
2p2x(1.39x10-15 m)3=5.30x10-44 m3
and for a Surface Area of: 6p2.(1.39x10-15 m)2= 1.14x10-28 m2
The corresponding Planck-Volumes and Planck-Areas are:
VP=4p/3x√{Gh/2pc3}3=1.75x10-104 m3 with AP=4px√{Gh/2pc3}2=3.26x10-69 m2
and VP=2p2√{Gh/2pc3}3=8.24x10-104 m3 with AP=6p2√{Gh/2pc3}2=1.53x10-68 m2 respectively and for a LP=1.61x10-35 m (Codata values).
Nassims ratios so calculate in Codata values:
η=Aproton/AP={2.43x10-29}/{3.26x10-69}=7.45x1039 (3.43x1039) ~ 1040
and R=Vproton/VP={1.12x10-44}/{1.75x10-104}=6.40x1059 (1.6x1059) ~ 1060
for both the 3D case and for the 4D case, as the volume multipliers cancel themselves out.
Both of those codata recalculated values so indeed are approximated by Nassim's ratios η=1040 and R=1060, but any competent college student would have derived those same numbers on a 'back of the envelope' calculation.
Now the Planck-Mass is particularly defined by fundamental constants and as the formula: mP=√{hc/2pG}=2.18x10-8 kg.
The actual Planck-density is: ρP=mP/LP3=√(hc/2πG)(2πc3/Gh)3=]=2πc5/hG2=5.17x1096 kg/m3 using a 'cubic volume' for the Planck Length.
It is because of this huge density and compared to the actual matter density in the universe (including the 'dark energy') of 3Ho2/8pG~8.8x10-27 kg/m3; that a 96+27=123 order of magnitude discrepancy exists between the quantum physics of the vacuum and the matter containing universe.
Nassim's Proton mass calculation then is:
2η.mP/R = 2(7.45x1039)x{2.18x10-8kg}/6.40x1059=5.08x10-28 kg and deviating from the Codata proton mass not by some miniscule amount,
but by {(16.7-5.08)x10-28/1.67x10-27}=0.70 and so by 30%.
The informed observer, then can see, why Nassim did not use actual Codata values for his density-radius formulations, but PRESUMED those to be in some manner exact or 'fluid' as 1040 and 1060 respectively.
One can easily manipulate those 'approximated' numbers to then calculate a precise codata value. And so my first 'suspicion proves correct Susan.
Nassim used the Codata value of the proton's mass to then simply and unjustifiably IMPLY, that the numbers 1040 and 1060 would 'self adjust' to yield the Codata value for its mass. This kind of approach is scientifically dishonest at best and a blatant agenda to support his nabs related quasi science at its misdemeanour.
Here is an example of what he did:
Write: 2η.mP/R = 1.6714213x10-27 kg for 2η/R={1.6714213x10-27 kg /2.18x10-8kg }=7.667...[some arbitrary decimal point aligned to the Planck Mass as defined]...x10-20.
Then the requirement for the equation to hold becomes: 2η/R=7.667......x10-20.
This condition IS in fact satisfied, should: η/R=3.83x10-20 OR R/η=2.61x1019 ~ 1060/1040=1020
I am afraid no one will be able to actually 'find' an exact calculation of this 'Haramein Equation' and why for instance he introduced an 'unnecessary factor of 2' to adjust the proton mass as validated by experiment to his Planck scale parameters and parameters which are correct from an elementary physics perspective. One could infer that as Nassim takes the Planck-Length as a Diameter LP=D=2lP (say), that his discrete Planck-Area count 4plP2 = pLP2 in some manner only beknown to him introduces the factor of 2 (it should be 4 in the detail just stated).
Generally, it can be ascertained, that Nassim likes to use the references of validated scientific research, such as can be read in his paper's introduction, mentioning the Schwarzschild metric and the Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy and Black Hole Bounds and parameters. Following the introduction and utility of the well established physical principles, he however often deviates into his particular ideas of what the universe should be like; often denouncing those principles as 'wrong' or incomplete and notwithstanding the verified models he espoused in his introduction.
Perhaps there is a particular evolvement of nabs science on the island of Hawaii. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-rele...potential-new-source-of-energy-206531571.html
'Contributions' from naïve and gullible nabsers would certainly help well meaning, but underinformed quasi scientific model builders to propagate their somewhat nebulous purposes and agendas.
The relationship between the Lindquist and Wheeler Schwarzschild sphere and the vertices of the Battaner and Florido regular geometric structure of superclusters can be compared. For N vertices, each vertex can be equidistant from its nearest neighbor only when N= 5, 8, 16, 24, 120, or 600 [94]. The case where N=8 yields the simplest arrangement. In this lattice, N=5, 16, and 600 correspond to a tetrahedron, N= 8 to a cube, N=24 to an octahedron, and N= 120 to a dodecahedron. Correspondence is made in terms of the ratio of the distance from a face to a corner of a cell of some volume of a regular polyhedron to a sphere.
One of us (Rauscher) [25] treated the whole Universe as expanding under a Schwarzschild condition. We found that consistence between Einstein's field equations with big bang cosmologies can be obtained but requires the introduction of an additional term in the stress-energy tensor. We can associate this term with the torque term in Einstein's field equations in the Haramein-Rauscher model [3]. One of us (Haramein), has put forward the need to include spin and torque to modify the simplistic Schwarzschild metrical zones of Lindquist and Wheeler although their model is very useful in our considerations even if it is clearly a limited case.
The motivation of the Lindquist and Wheeler model is that the cell method in gravitational theory contains a new dynamic feature which expresses the equation of motion of a mass at the center of a cell as a dynamic condition on the boundary of the cell. The boundary condition defines a constraint on the space which comprises simple geometric forms. The whole of the dynamics of this model are expressed in terms of the expansion and subsequent contraction of the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equation. Their analogy is to that of a crystal lattice and by defining cells in terms of a Schwarzschild solutions in a curved space, in a simple Friedman metric of uniform curvature which corresponds to a polyhedron in Euclidian space. They derive a boundary condition on the Schwarzschild potentials which do not go to zero at a finite radius and hence avoids the discontinuity of matching the normal derivative of the gravitational potentials which would occur in the Schwarzschild solution alone. In the lattice Universe, mass is concentrated into N centers (or vertices) which could correspond to the galactic cluster centers in the Battener and Florido analysis [87,88]. In each cell, a Schwarzschild black hole is located at the center of its own cell. In their figure 3, six cone shapes define their boundary conditions in a lattice Universe and correspond to the vertices of an octahedron. Therefore, a parallel can be made between the work of Lindquist and Wheeler, Battener and Florido and our model which predicts a polarized structured vacuum. Hence, Lindquist and Wheeler's approach using the Schwarzschild cell solution without spin or charge gives a good first-order approximation. We use the Kerr-Newman with spin and charge and incorporate the torque and Coriolis forces in the Haramein-Rauscher solution to quantize the vacuum into cells.
We consider the topological structures of the current string theory and our approach to the unified theory of the four forces and structured vacuum [3].
Although superstring theories have their critics, due to the fact that those theories contain a number of "free" parameters, there has been great interest in these theories by the physics community. Superstring theory has been related to the standard model. Some string theories contain gravity and others do not. One of the major features of superstring theory is to treat particles as tiny loops rather than as point particles so as to avoid the problem of singularities. The string theory approach has some topological similarities to that of Lindquist and Wheeler's work, which is an effort to avoid singularities. In the string theory, particles are treated as vibrations of a membrane (Brane M as a surface), which is swept out by the vibrating string occurring in eight dimensional space. These eight dimensions comprise eight of the ten dimensional standard model in which two of the dimensions are the string surface itself. This vibrational space carries the symmetry of the Lie group E8 [95].
Superstring theory represents both bosonic and fermionic particle states. The usual string theories occupy a 26-dimensional spacetime, representing bosonic particle states. A quantum state of identical bosonic particles is symmetric under the exchange of any two particles. A quantum state of identical fermionic particles is antisymmetric under the exchange of any two particles to include the photon and gravitation. Then we have 64=8x8 dimensional states in some superstring theories. The closed string theory is called a type II string theory, which has the doubly fermionic states included, for a total of 128=8x8x2 fermionic states [96].
In addition to the type II, there are two heterotic superstring theories which involve closed strings. Out of the 26-L bosonic coordinates of the bosonic factor, only ten are matched to R-bosonic coordinates of the superstring factor, hence this theory effectively exists in ten-dimensional spacetime. Heterotic strings come in two versions, that is E8xE8 and the SO32. The Ramond vacuum is included and E8 is the highest dimensional exceptional group. The E8xE8 superstring theory is derived from the compilation of M-theory. One of the most promising superstring theories that unifies the four forces is the E8xE8 reflection space. This is possible only because reflection embedding provides for an embedding of A4 in E8 [97]. In our paper reference [3] we present the symmetry group relationship between A4 and the 24 element octahedral group. This procedure operates along the lines of the relationship between the SO32 heterotic string theory which also utilizes the E8xE8 formalism. However, we believe our approach to gravitation and strong interactions, which considers the inclusion of torque and Coriolis effects will result in a simplification and a more fundamental formalism with fewer free parameters.
In general, the Lie algebra An associated with a reflection space Cn has a compact Lie group SUn+1 .
S.P. Sirag attempts to develop a unified field theory in terms of U1xSU2xSU3xSU4 , where he identifies the SU4 group with the tensor gravitational field [98]. Note that gravity is missing from the SU5 theory.
The SO(32) , or SO32 , is the group generated by 32-by-32 matrices that are orthogonal. For the strong force, gluons are described by a four dimensional SU3 Yang-Mills theory. The full set of standard model gauge bosons is described by the Yang-Mills theory with the gauge group SU3xSU2xU1. Alternatively, for the U5=SU2xSU3 Yang-Mills theory, the gauge group that emerges as U3xU2=SU2xSU3xU1xU1 where U1xU1 is the topology of the torus. Note that the A4 group of the tetrahedron is the label for a complex Lie algebra whose compact Lie group is SU5 which comprised the first unification, GUT theory. The standard force bosons are derived from the group SU3xSU2xU1 in the group algebra.
In the heterotic E8xE8 superstring theory, six of the nine spatial dimensions are curled up into a small sixdimensional compact space, which is termed the Calabi-Yau space. All Calabi Yau spaces have both discrete and continuous parameters which determine the details of the four-dimensional theory that arises upon compactification.
For all Calabi-Yau spaces, the minimal amount of supersymmetry survives the compactification and the resulting four-dimensional theory is supersymmetric. The compactification also allows one to break the original gauge symmetry E8xE8 down to E6xE8. The group E6 contains U1xSU2xSU3 as a subgroup to that standard model gauge group. An alternative to the 6-dimensional space compactification of the heterotic string is an alternative 6-dimensional space where one can simply use a six-torus T6 group space. The T6 space, however, has singularities that arise at the fixed points of certain identifications, but orbitals constructed from tori are much easier to analyze than the general Calabi-Yau spaces.
For the following Lie group S=U2xT6 where U2 is a four dimensional spacetime called the conformally compactified Minkowski space and T6 =U1xU1xU1xU1xU1xU1 , or a 3-torus. We regard SU2 as a spherical three space, S3, as the usual space of cosmology. For a 7-torusT7 which incorporates U1 from the U2 space also includes time. The T7 tori space corresponds to the 7-reflection space E7 because T7 = R7/L where R7 is the real part of the E7 which also contains the complex reflection space C7 , and L is the root of E7.
This means that all parts of the lattice are identified as a single point: the identity element of T7 and every other point of T4 is a copy of L . The T4 group can be identified with two double tori. We have identified the double torus structure as fundamental to a metric of spacetime which appropriately accounts for the source of spin/angular momentum. Many striking examples of this dynamic structure are observed at the cosmological scale such as galactic halos, black hole ergosphere and supernovae.
The S4 group is associated with the 24 element octahedral group C{Obar} which can be written in terms of C{Obar}=U2xU2(bar)xU4 or T8 group [3]. Both C{O} and C{Obar} relate to the T4 double torus group of four copies of U1 where Tn is the direct product of n copies of U1 , which comprises the n-torus, which is always an Abelian group. The Tn group refers to the structure of spacetime. We have related this spacetime structure to the torque term in Einstein's field equations [3]. Hence, the torus topology can be considered fundamental to the structure of spacetime and also the tenets in the superstring theory.
Hull utilized string theory in a "T-fold-background" with local n-torus fabrication and T-duality transition functions in O{n,n;Z} in an enlarged space with T2n fabrication geometry [99]. For a geometric background, the local choice of Tn fit together to give a spacetime which is a Tn fiber bundle. Thus this string theory approach involves diffeomorphisms and gauge transformations as well as duality transformations. The T-duality is associated with mirror symmetry [100]. In some cases, the compactifications with duality are equivalent to asymmetric orbits. The full transition functions for the torus bundles, which are considered in Hull's approach, are in GL{n,Z}xU1n, where U1 acts as a translation on a circle fiber. String theory compactification of dimensions on the T n has O{n,n;Z} symmetry. In the geometric GL{n,Z} subgroup that acts through Tn diffeomorphisms, can be lifted to a higher dimensional theory which is compactified on a Tn fiber bundled over a circle.
A T-duality on any circle gives a twisted reduction on a T2 fiber bundled over a circle in GL{2,Z} which is representative of a dual torus. These mirror, or duality symmetries are related to space with Calabi-Yau fibrations in space with torus fibrations [99]. The topology of T-folds, and their doubled formulations, is then seen as a geometric background in which there is a global polarization. The polarization can be characterized in terms of a product on the T2n fibers. Local product structures satisfy integrability thus eliminating the problems of singularities. A product structure defines a splitting into eigenspaces of R with eigenvalues ±1 and for a torus T2n. This extends to a splitting as the periodic torus coordinates into two Tn eigenspaces, if the product structure is integral, or R is an element of GL(2n,Z ) , so that it acts on the coordinates while preserving the periodicities. A product structure and pseudo-Hermitian O{n,n} invariant metric are together preserved by the subgroup GL(n.R) subset O{n,n} and for the transformations acting on the torus and is preserved by GL(2n,Z) subset O(n,n;Z) [3,5,20,47]. The fundamental structures activated in the vacuum by polarized coherent resonant states of matter also act as part of the process that creates these vacuum properties.
To paraphrase John A. Wheeler, "Spacetime is not just a passive arena for doing physics, it is the physics" [2]. The torquing of spacetime is an active part of the structure of the stress-energy tensor and hence is a fundamental force coupling to produce the observable universe of matter and energy.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
We have a vast new set of tools to comprehend the processes of astrophysical and cosmological phenomena, atomic and collective matter states. For example some of the collective state phenomena we have considered are accelerator "fireballs," Bose-Einstein condensates, Fermi electron states, MHD and BCS descriptions, all of which obey soliton dynamic solutions. Theoretical and experimental findings and relativistic formulations, quantum theory, electromagnetic interactions can well be described in terms of topological structures and group theory. The fundamental base of our approach is to consider that the topological structure of a torquing spacetime, and its Coriolis gyroscopic dynamics, has critical aspects of unification theory.
We pursue this point further in references [39,101,102] when we consider atomic, nuclear, and quantum physics in a nonlinear space. When a torque and Coriolis term is considered for the formation of spin/angular momentum we find that the dual torus topology occupies a fundamental role in both astrophysics and quantum particle physics. The Haramein-Rauscher approach takes spin and rotation properties as fundamental to the structure of the spacetime manifold. We have identified the properties of the structure of the vacuum itself from fundamental coherent polarized states of matter in the facility of astrophysical black hole event horizons. That is to say, we have demonstrated that the properties of matter in superclusters, galaxies, supernovae and their vicinities, for example, could exist in resonant states, only if the vacuum is structured. These considerations may also be utilized to explain the effects that are currently attributed to dark matter and dark energy.
In the words of Nobel laureate C. N. Yang, of the Yang-Mills equation "Einstein's general relativity theory, though profoundly beautiful, is likely to be amended... that the amendment may not disturb the usual test is easy to imagine, since the usual tests do not relate to spin... somehow (the amendment) entangles spin and rotation" [103].
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors express their sincere appreciation to William Van Bise, Marina Nogues, Michael Coyle, Michael Hyson, Jeremy Broner, and for the opportunity to work with the Resonance Project Foundation and its team [104].
Support for some aspects of earlier projects came from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
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Posted Jan 3rd 2011
Dear Mr. Bermanseder,
Thank you very much for attaching this information. Again, we do ask for your understanding and patience in terms of a more detailed reply, as Mr.
Haramein is currently under deadline for some important projects.
Best Regards,
Stephanie Vendrell
The Resonance Project
Original Message:
-----------------
From: Tony Bermanseder pacificap@hotmail.com
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2009 15:18:12 +1100
To: stephanie@theresonanceproject.org
Subject: RE: To Dr. Haramein - Confirmations
Dear Stephanie!
Please find attached the pdf format of my critique on the Haramein-Rauscher
plasma paper.
pacificap@hotmail.com or omniphysics@cosmosdawn.net
Posted Jan 3rd 2011
"good work, is good work ~ this work is beyond good" Love - Susan
Posted Jan 3rd 2011
SusanLove; yes look at this excerpt from the above.
You see the X is Phi; so this is not made explicitly stated in the technical critique. So this formalism actually shows HOW the PHI is connected to the Alpha of the physicists; the strings of higher D and the birth of the universe.
What depicts what you were posting and presenting on the skype channel. So the technical lingo also represents your metaphysics - as the mainstream (albeit revolutionary there) science of material reductionisms.
Tonyblue
This pentagonal supersymmetry can be expressed in a number of ways, say in a one-to-one mapping of the Alpha finestructure constant as invariant X from the Euler Identity:
X+Y=XY= -1=i2=exp(iπ).
One can write a Unification Polynomial: (1-X)(X)(1+X)(2+X)=1 or X4+2X3-X2-2X+1=0
to find the coupling ratios: f(S)¦f(E)¦f(W)¦f(G)=#¦#3¦#18¦#54 from the proportionality
#¦#3¦{[(#3)2]}3¦({[(#3)2]}3)3=Cuberoot(Alpha):Alpha:Cuberoot(Omega):Omega.
The Unification polynomial then sets the ratios in the inversion properties under modular duality:
(1)[Strong short]¦(X)[Electromagnetic long]¦(X2)[Weak short]¦(X3)[Gravitational long]
as 1¦X¦X2¦X3 = (1-X)¦(X)¦(1+X)¦(2+X).
Unity 1 maps as (1-X) transforming as f(S) in the equality (1-X)=X2; X maps as invariant of f(E) in the equality (X)=(X); X2 maps as (1+X) transforming as f(W) in the equality (1+X)=1/X; and X3 maps as (2+X) transforming as f(G) in the equality (2+X)=1/X2=1/(1-X).
The mathematical pentagonal supersymmetry from the above then indicates the physicalised T-duality of M-theory in the principle of mirror-symmetry and which manifests in the reflection properties of the heterotic string classes HO(32) and HE(64), described further in the following.
Defining f(S)=#=1/f(G) and f(E)=#2.f(S) then describes a symmetry breaking between the 'strong S' f(S) interaction and the 'electromagnetic E' f(E) interaction under the unification couplings.
This couples under modular duality to f(S).f(G)=1=#55 in a factor #-53=f(S)/f(G)={f(S)}2 of the 'broken' symmetry between the longrange- and the shortrange interactions.
SEWG=1=Strong-Electromagnetic-Weak-Gravitational as the unified supersymmetric identity then decouples in the manifestation of string-classes in the de Broglie 'matter wave' epoch termed inflation and preceding the Big Bang, the latter manifesting at Weyl-Time as a string-transformed Planck-Time as the heterotic HE(64) class.
Post last edited Nov 26th 2012
Posted Aug 6th 2011
https://vimeo.com/26514171
Interview with Nassim Haramein
from Radio Serenidad 3 years ago Not Yet Rated
We talked about the structure of the vacuum and how he found the gap between science and spirituality. It is a very, very interesting dialogue and also, for lay people that don't understand any physics, somehow it makes all sense. Nassim has a way to reach people even with his technical scientific terms and we hope to have more of him. Hope you enjoy it
Interview with Nassim Haramein from Radio Serenidad on Vimeo.
SUSANakaTHE13THBRIDGE - Posted 3 Hours Ago long time ago, you emailed Haramein some important stuff was this what it was about ???
Nassim Haramein has calculated a geometric solution for the gravitational field. In his latest paper "Quantum Gravity and the Holographic Mass" he describes gravity in a classical algebraic way by calculating the density of the space both within and on the outside of the event horizon of a proton.
The seemingly "empty" vacuum of space is actually a nearly infinitely dense super-fluid medium made of tiny tiny tiny little frothing bubbles of energy. Sometimes called the "quantum foam", each of these miniscule vibrations represents a spherical wave form, or quanta, that is the diameter of the smallest possible measurable distance, the Planck length. Haramein calls these tiny spherical information bits Planck spherical units or PSUs. The PSUs on the interior of the proton's event horizon pack together in a perfectly space-filling overlapping 3D Flower of Life structure with each sphere's center being connected by a tetrahedral geometry lattice. The PSUs within the proton volume holographically project on the proton surface event horizon as "flat" equatorial circles in a flower of life tiling pattern.
In this image, the first equation describes the ratio between the proton surface area and the surface Planck circles showing that the number of equatorial circles on the Proton surface equals 10↑40 (10 to the 40 or 1000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Planck length diameter circles)
The second equation shows the number of Planck spherical units contained within the proton, which is 10↑60. In the third equation, the external surface horizon is divided by the internal volume and then multiplied by the Planck mass to give the total value of the proton mass. With a simple classical geometric calculation, Haramein obtains the mass of the proton according to the standard model, as measured from the outside, in the laboratory: 10↑-24 gm.
Haramein then calculates the external Planck circles divided by the internal Planck spheres to obtain the gravitational mass of the proton, which equals 10↑14 which is the exact amount of mass needed for the proton to obey what is called the the Schwarzschild condition of a black hole.
Protons are quantum scale black holes.
Gravity is a ratio of volume to surface area.
More info.: http://resonance.is/explore/quantum-gravity-and-the-holographic-mass-trailer-and-press-release/
The Resonance Project • The Resonance Project - Página Oficial Hispana • The Resonance Project - Traduction Française • Phys.org • Science • Physics-astronomy • Cosmos • Cosmometry • Physics Today •Thrive • ScienceAlert • ScienceAlert 中文
On first look, he fudged his numbers to obtain the codata proton mass Susan. 'The surface area of a proton and any subatomic 'particle' depends on the radius or 'size' of that particle. On the other hand, the Planck units are well defined as conglomerations of basic fundamental constants. And so using the 'correct' Planck-Volume and Planck-Mass, one can indeed calculate a correct Planck-Density. as rP=MP/LP3 multiplied by a geometric factor, say 4p/3 for 3D or 2p2 for 4D space.
I will calculate the proper value in this reply and publish them for you or anyone interested to peruse shortly.
From the insert below, you can see, that the radius/size of a proton is NOT fixed as some definitive value as Nassim seems to believe. And as both the Surface Area and the Volume of any particle or matter agglomeration are defined as function of its Radius, Nassim's calculations are at best approximations for any proton, which is better described as a 'waved particle' or wavicle in a form of quantum geometrical flux. Diagrams in the insert illustrate this further.
This then defines rproton=1.3888...fm* = 1.38657...fm (Unit System International) and in the error interval of the Friar-Sick measurement as 1.394±0.016 fm in (1.378 - 1.410 fm) to 0.5%.
The 2010 CODATA recommended value for the protonic charge radius is: proton: Rp = 0.8775(51)*10-15 m
Nevertheless a 'mean or average' value for the size of a proton can be used to calculate the values Nassim Haramein is proposing in his latest 'quasi scientific' endeavour of his 'Holographic Proton'.
From the treatise below' we use a particular averaged mean value for the protonic radius as 1.39x10-15 meters and restrict our calculations to 3 significant figures to minimise any more serious deviation from this empirical and ubiquitously confirmed measurement.
My calculations can so be multiplied by a factor of 0.88/1.39=0.63 and 0.46 and 0.25 to align with the Haramein numbers for the 'unhaloed' proton he uses (in brackets).
Nassim uses the proton size WITHOUT the halo in its so termed 'charge radius' and in his holographic proton, the omission of its halo could be said to omit about half of the 'effective interaction' of the proton as a discretized collection of Planck-Areas and Volumes; which also are inferred by him to 'Overlap' in the 'Flower of Life' geometry. Nassim so describes a rather smaller or shrunk proton in his proposals.
In the calculus below, I am using the 'haloed proton' as described in the accompanying article from renowned researchers in the field of particle physics. Therefore my calculations actually 'improve' on the haramein model of the 'holographic proton', as it renders the proton bigger with a halo, then without one.
The volume of a spherical 3D-proton then becomes: 4p/3x(1.39x10-15 m)3=1.12x10-44 m3 and for a Surface Area of: 4p.(1.39x10-15 m)2=2.43x10-29 m2
The volume of a spherical proton as ellipsoidal 4D (Riemann) hyperspace then becomes:
2p2x(1.39x10-15 m)3=5.30x10-44 m3
and for a Surface Area of: 6p2.(1.39x10-15 m)2= 1.14x10-28 m2
The corresponding Planck-Volumes and Planck-Areas are:
VP=4p/3x√{Gh/2pc3}3=1.75x10-104 m3 with AP=4px√{Gh/2pc3}2=3.26x10-69 m2
and VP=2p2√{Gh/2pc3}3=8.24x10-104 m3 with AP=6p2√{Gh/2pc3}2=1.53x10-68 m2 respectively and for a LP=1.61x10-35 m (Codata values).
Nassims ratios so calculate in Codata values:
η=Aproton/AP={2.43x10-29}/{3.26x10-69}=7.45x1039 (3.43x1039) ~ 1040
and R=Vproton/VP={1.12x10-44}/{1.75x10-104}=6.40x1059 (1.6x1059) ~ 1060
for both the 3D case and for the 4D case, as the volume multipliers cancel themselves out.
Both of those codata recalculated values so indeed are approximated by Nassim's ratios η=1040 and R=1060, but any competent college student would have derived those same numbers on a 'back of the envelope' calculation.
Now the Planck-Mass is particularly defined by fundamental constants and as the formula: mP=√{hc/2pG}=2.18x10-8 kg.
The actual Planck-density is: ρP=mP/LP3=√(hc/2πG)(2πc3/Gh)3=]=2πc5/hG2=5.17x1096 kg/m3 using a 'cubic volume' for the Planck Length.
It is because of this huge density and compared to the actual matter density in the universe (including the 'dark energy') of 3Ho2/8pG~8.8x10-27 kg/m3; that a 96+27=123 order of magnitude discrepancy exists between the quantum physics of the vacuum and the matter containing universe.
Nassim's Proton mass calculation then is:
2η.mP/R = 2(7.45x1039)x{2.18x10-8kg}/6.40x1059=5.08x10-28 kg and deviating from the Codata proton mass not by some miniscule amount,
but by {(16.7-5.08)x10-28/1.67x10-27}=0.70 and so by 30%.
The informed observer, then can see, why Nassim did not use actual Codata values for his density-radius formulations, but PRESUMED those to be in some manner exact or 'fluid' as 1040 and 1060 respectively.
One can easily manipulate those 'approximated' numbers to then calculate a precise codata value. And so my first 'suspicion proves correct Susan.
Nassim used the Codata value of the proton's mass to then simply and unjustifiably IMPLY, that the numbers 1040 and 1060 would 'self adjust' to yield the Codata value for its mass. This kind of approach is scientifically dishonest at best and a blatant agenda to support his nabs related quasi science at its misdemeanour.
Here is an example of what he did:
Write: 2η.mP/R = 1.6714213x10-27 kg for 2η/R={1.6714213x10-27 kg /2.18x10-8kg }=7.667...[some arbitrary decimal point aligned to the Planck Mass as defined]...x10-20.
Then the requirement for the equation to hold becomes: 2η/R=7.667......x10-20.
This condition IS in fact satisfied, should: η/R=3.83x10-20 OR R/η=2.61x1019 ~ 1060/1040=1020
I am afraid no one will be able to actually 'find' an exact calculation of this 'Haramein Equation' and why for instance he introduced an 'unnecessary factor of 2' to adjust the proton mass as validated by experiment to his Planck scale parameters and parameters which are correct from an elementary physics perspective. One could infer that as Nassim takes the Planck-Length as a Diameter LP=D=2lP (say), that his discrete Planck-Area count 4plP2 = pLP2 in some manner only beknown to him introduces the factor of 2 (it should be 4 in the detail just stated).
Generally, it can be ascertained, that Nassim likes to use the references of validated scientific research, such as can be read in his paper's introduction, mentioning the Schwarzschild metric and the Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy and Black Hole Bounds and parameters. Following the introduction and utility of the well established physical principles, he however often deviates into his particular ideas of what the universe should be like; often denouncing those principles as 'wrong' or incomplete and notwithstanding the verified models he espoused in his introduction.
Perhaps there is a particular evolvement of nabs science on the island of Hawaii. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-rele...potential-new-source-of-energy-206531571.html
'Contributions' from naïve and gullible nabsers would certainly help well meaning, but underinformed quasi scientific model builders to propagate their somewhat nebulous purposes and agendas.
Last edited by shiloh on Sat Mar 28, 2015 10:03 pm; edited 1 time in total