The Lunar eccentricity variance is an effect of an intrinsic cosmic acceleration component of the dark energy and is related to an observed anomalous beviour of the pioneer space probesThe lunar eccentricity variation relates to the well known and published acceleration (towards the sun) phenomenon of the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 spaceprobes.
The highly misleading headline here about lunar displacement is of the order of femtometers per year and certainly not measurable with naked eyesight or similar NABS (New Age BS) 'quasi-science'.
An actual archived reference to this 'misrepresented' university publication and the 'Cornell' associated video is here:
http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1102/1102.0212v6.pdfIn this paper, the ratio G(dot)/G=(dG/dt)/G is defined as of being in the order of -6x10
-14 per year as Equation#16. Furthermore the measured lunar eccentricity variance is given in Equation#1 as about 10
-11 per year and related to a mass parameter ratio in Equation#15 in so 8x10
-12 per year.
As the next excerpt from a paper by me on the Pioneer anomaly can show; the Milgrom Acceleration a
milgrom is indeed a cosmic universal constant, defined in the formula:
A
milgrom=-2H
oc/[n+1]
3 and definitive for the above 'LightspeedxHubble Constant' tentative proposition and relates intrinsically to the dark energy phenomenon for an overall 'flat universe' cosmology.
As G
o=1/k in the inversion modular duality between gravitation and electromagnetism in the elementary string-membrane hyperphysics; G
o=1.111...x10
-10 m
3kg
-1s
-2 at the start of the universes thermodynamic evolution and after say 20 billion years it would assume its present value of about G
now=6.7x10
-11 m
3kg
-1s
-2 which defines a dG/dt timerate of change of 2.3x10
-21 per year in G
o - G
now=dG/dt.
Therefore the ratio (dG/dt)/G
o=(2.3x10
-21)/(1.111..x10
-10)~2x10
-11 and the range of both, the natural cosmic Milgrom acceleration and the associated Pioneer anomalies and the lunar eccentricity variances.
The Pioneer Anomaly as Milgrom Deceleration Effect of de Sitter CurvatureWhat causes the apparent residual sunward acceleration of the Pioneer spacecraft? The Pioneer anomaly or Pioneer effect is the observed deviation from predicted trajectories and velocities of various unmanned spacecraft visiting the outer solar system, most notably
Pioneer 10 and
Pioneer 11. Both Pioneer spacecraft are escaping from the solar system, and are slowing down under the influence of the Sun's gravity. Upon very close examination, however, they are slowing down slightly more than expected. The effect can be modeled as a slight additional acceleration towards the Sun.
At present, there is no universally accepted explanation for this phenomenon. The explanation may be mundane, such as measurement error or thrust from gas leakage or uneven radiation of heat. However, it is also possible that current physical theory does not correctly explain the behaviour of the craft relative to the sun.
Initial indications:The effect is seen in radio Doppler and ranging data, yielding information on the velocity and distance of the spacecraft. When all known forces acting on the spacecraft are taken into consideration, a very small but unexplained force remains. It appears to cause a constant
acceleration of (8.74 ± 1.33) × 10
-10 m/s
2 for both spacecraft. If the positions of the spacecraft are predicted one year in advance based on measured velocity and known forces (mostly gravity), they are actually found to be some 400 km closer to the sun at the end of the year. The magnitude of the Pioneer effect is numerically quite close to the product of the ]
speed of light and the Hubble constant, but the significance of this, if any, is unknown. Gravitationally bound objects such as the solar system, or even the galaxy, do not partake of the expansion of the universe - this is known both from theory and by direct measurement.
Data from the
Galileo and
Ulysses spacecraft indicate a similar effect, although for various reasons (such as their relative proximity to the Sun) firm conclusions cannot be drawn from these sources. These spacecraft are all partially or fully
spin-stabilised.
The effect is much harder to measure accurately with craft that use
thrusters for
attitude control. These spacecraft, such as the
Voyagers, acquire small and unpredictable changes in speed as a side effect of the frequent attitude control firings. This 'noise' makes it impractical to measure small accelerations such as the Pioneer effect.
The
Cassini mission also had
reaction wheels for altitude control, thus avoiding this particular problem, but also had
radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) mounted close to the spacecraft body, radiating kilowatts of heat in hard-to-predict directions. The measured value of unmodelled acceleration for Cassini is (26.7 ± 1.1) × 10
-10 m/s
2. Unfortunately, this is the sum of the uncertain thermal effects and the possible anomaly. Therefore the Cassini measurements neither conclusively confirm nor refute the existence of the anomaly.[/size]
One major consequence for the intrinsic de Sitter curvature becomes the 'Dark Energy' manifesting in a differential of acceleration between inertial and noninertial frames of references. The local solar system is a comoving part of the Friedmann expansion into de Sitter spacetime and so becomes a non-inertial comoving reference frame relative to the inertial and static reference frame of de Sitter spacetime.
This then leads to a logical explanation for the Pioneer anomaly measured for the last decade or so.
As the flat Friedmann universe requires a critical density for its flatness, which is supplied in the 'Dark Energy' in the form of the de Sitter Lambda encompassing the Minkowski universe in positive curvature and closure; the 'missing mass' in the open Friedmann cosmology readjusts the critical mass in the formulations describing the 'Dark Energy'.
This manifests in the 'higher dimensional' curved de Sitter spacetime forming an acceleration gradient relative to the 'lower dimensional' flat Minkowski spacetime.
Considering the de Sitter cosmology to be 'background'-inertial then results in the Minkowski spacetime to be rendered noninertial by the experience of a 'de Sitter' force or pressure.
As the deceleration parameter qo=½Ωo=Mo/2Mcritical=Λo(no)/AdB~0.01405 defines the Omega relative to the Friedmann spacetime; replacing the baryon seed Mo by the critical mass Mcritical will adjust the Friedmann lambda in the factor Ωo=0.0282 in the de Sitter lambda.
Then the formulation: Omega Milgrom=Lambda becomes {2.807x10-11 -1.162x10-10 = -8.812x10-11 } for the Friedmann cosmology and {9.989x10-10 -1.162x10-10 = 8.827x10-10} for the de Sitter cosmology in acceleration units for the present time.
The flat Friedmann universe for a zero cosmological constant so balances the Omega deceleration with the Intrinsic (Milgrom) acceleration and omits the de Sitter component, which acts in addition to the Omega for the present time to balance the Milgrom in opposite direction.
The Pioneer anomaly then becomes quantifiable in the Planck-Action applied to the de Sitter spacetime and manifesting in the Minkowski spacetime.
The Planck-Action is the product of Planck-Momentum pP=mPc and the Hubble-Radius Ro for mPcRo=mPc2/Ho to indicate the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle in px=Et.
The general energy operator then is p2/m for an acceleration a=p2/m2x=(p2.p)/(m2xpP)=(mv3)/(xmPc).
Applying the de Sitter referential lambda acceleration as RoHo2=c2/Ro=(mv3)/(xmPc) yields a proportional relationship between the de Sitter Hubble-Radius as reference for a subscale x in the Friedmann universe in:
(x/Ro)=(v/c)3 and relative to the Planck-Mass standard.
Applied to the Pioneer anomaly then, a characteristic displacement of x=100 AU (1.5x1013 meters), will infer a characteristic velocity of v=c.Cuberoot(x/Ro) ~ 13.6 km/s or 0.0045% of lightspeed.
This is indeed the order of velocity measured for the Pioneer probes at such distances.The De Sitter Universe
A de Sitter universe is a solution to Einstein's field equations of General Relativity which is named after Willem de Sitter. It models the universe as spatially flat and neglects ordinary matter, so the dynamics of the universe are dominated by the [url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant] cosmological constant , thought to correspond to dark energy.
A de Sitter universe has no ordinary matter content but with a positive cosmological constant which sets the expansion rate, H. A larger cosmological constant leads to a larger expansion rate:
, where the constants of proportionality depend on conventions. The cosmological constant is Λ and Mpl is the Planck mass
This corresponds to solving the Friedmann equation for Ω=0, which renders the Einstein formulation
Guv + guvΛ = 0 traced in the form [H(t)]2= f(n)Λ, with the function f(n) describing the curvature of the flat spacetime intrinsic to the Einstein-Riemann tensor Guv.
Expressing the supposedly constant Λ term in the form of energy density Mc2/V for a inertia-gravita equivalence mP=hfP/c2=h/λPc then gives a local energy density ε=mc2/V proportional to the Planck-Energy density εP= mPc2/VP for f(n)=ε/εP as some unity reference incorporating the Planckian gravita as the Planck-mass reference.
H2/Λ=1 then gives the equation of motion of the expansion parameter a(t)=R(t)/Ro and becomes
(da/dt)= a(t)√Λ, solving as ∫da/a = √Λt = ln(a/ao) or R(t)=Roet√Λ = RoetH.
It is common to describe a patch of this solution as an expanding universe of the FLRW form where the scale factor is given by:
, where the constant H is the Hubble expansion rate and t is time. As in all FLRW spaces, a(t), the scale factor, describes the expansion of physical spatial distances
.
Here, the 'flaw' in the physical interpretation of the mathematics is the assumption of a(t) expanding without limit in the flat Minkowski spacetime of Poincare-Lorentz.
This is required for zero curvature, as only then the curvature radius approaches infinity in the curvature expression c2/R(t)2 for infinite time t.
But in de Sitter spacetime, the intrinsic curvature of the flat Minkowski spacetime becomes asymptotic and so the expression a(t)=eHt with t=n/Ho and to=no/Ho=1/fo becomes n/(n 1)=1=eHt, requiring
H(to)=fo=1/to, which is the instanton-inflaton of the de Broglie matter wave.
For the initialisation by no=λo/Ro ~ 6x10-49 ~ 0 then; ao= no=Hoto and the Friedmann flatness ao=0 mirrored in the de Sitter curvature of a∞=1 by the inversion property of the natural exponent 'e'.
e → {1+1/n}=1/a and 1/e → {n/(n+1)}={1- 1/(n+1)}=a.Our universe is becoming like de Sitter universe?!Because our Universe has entered the
Dark Energy Dominated Era a few billion years ago, our universe is probably approaching a de Sitter universe in the infinite future. If the current
acceleration of our universe is due to a cosmological constant then as the universe continues to expand all of the matter and radiation will be diluted. Eventually there will be almost nothing left but the cosmological constant, and our universe will have become a de Sitter universe.
This is a misinterpretation of the 'Dark Energy', as the 'Dark Energy' is everpresent as intrinsic part of the de Sitter curvature superposed onto the Minkowski flatness.
The universe always was a de Sitter universe and will always be amenable to be described by de Sitter cosmology.
The dilution of matter relates to the manifestation of the baryon seedling Mo, which simply distributes the seed inertia as a Friedmann LDU 'Daughter-Black Hole' within the 'Mother-Black Hole' of the de Sitter HDU. As this dilution is fixed in the critical density and the Omega of the flat cosmology, the expansion of the universe is dual in an oscillatory mapping of the HDU into the LDU, accompanied by the expansion of the R3-spacetime of this Minkowskian multiverse into the R4 hyperspace of the HDU boundary.Modelling Cosmic Inflation?!Another application of de Sitter space is in the
early universe during
cosmic inflation. Many inflationary models are approximately de Sitter space and can be modeled by giving the Hubble parameter a mild time dependence. For simplicity, some calculations involving inflation in the early universe can be performed in de Sitter space rather than a more realistic inflationary universe. By using the de Sitter universe instead, where the expansion is truly exponential, there are many simplifications.
The background to this information is published in the next post, also published here:
http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Essays/View/2075
shiloh